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Geodetic CRS: NAD27
Datum: North American Datum 1927
Ellipsoid: Clarke 1866
Prime meridian: Greenwich
Data source: EPSG
Information source: Both transformations from US National Geodetic Survey.
Revision date: 1999-10-20
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Definition: OGC Well Known Text 2 (2019)
CONCATENATEDOPERATION["NAD27 to WGS 84 (29)", VERSION["NGS-Usa AK"], SOURCECRS[ GEOGCRS["NAD27", DATUM["North American Datum 1927", ELLIPSOID["Clarke 1866",6378206.4,294.978698213898, LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]]], PRIMEM["Greenwich",0, ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]], CS[ellipsoidal,2], AXIS["geodetic latitude (Lat)",north, ORDER[1], ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]], AXIS["geodetic longitude (Lon)",east, ORDER[2], ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]], ID["EPSG",4267]]], TARGETCRS[ GEOGCRS["WGS 84", ENSEMBLE["World Geodetic System 1984 ensemble", MEMBER["World Geodetic System 1984 (Transit)"], MEMBER["World Geodetic System 1984 (G730)"], MEMBER["World Geodetic System 1984 (G873)"], MEMBER["World Geodetic System 1984 (G1150)"], MEMBER["World Geodetic System 1984 (G1674)"], MEMBER["World Geodetic System 1984 (G1762)"], MEMBER["World Geodetic System 1984 (G2139)"], ELLIPSOID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563, LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]], ENSEMBLEACCURACY[2.0]], PRIMEM["Greenwich",0, ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]], CS[ellipsoidal,2], AXIS["geodetic latitude (Lat)",north, ORDER[1], ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]], AXIS["geodetic longitude (Lon)",east, ORDER[2], ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]], ID["EPSG",4326]]], STEP[ COORDINATEOPERATION["NAD27 to NAD83 (2)", VERSION["NGS-Usa AK"], SOURCECRS[ GEOGCRS["NAD27", DATUM["North American Datum 1927", ELLIPSOID["Clarke 1866",6378206.4,294.978698213898, LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]]], PRIMEM["Greenwich",0, ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]], CS[ellipsoidal,2], AXIS["geodetic latitude (Lat)",north, ORDER[1], ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]], AXIS["geodetic longitude (Lon)",east, ORDER[2], ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]], ID["EPSG",4267]]], TARGETCRS[ GEOGCRS["NAD83", DATUM["North American Datum 1983", ELLIPSOID["GRS 1980",6378137,298.257222101, LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]]], PRIMEM["Greenwich",0, ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]], CS[ellipsoidal,2], AXIS["geodetic latitude (Lat)",north, ORDER[1], ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]], AXIS["geodetic longitude (Lon)",east, ORDER[2], ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]], ID["EPSG",4269]]], METHOD["NADCON", ID["EPSG",9613]], PARAMETERFILE["Latitude difference file","alaska.las"], PARAMETERFILE["Longitude difference file","alaska.los"], OPERATIONACCURACY[0.5], ID["EPSG",1243], REMARK["Uses NADCON method which expects longitudes positive west; EPSG GeogCRS NAD27 (code 4267) and NAD83 (code 4269) have longitudes positive east. May be used as transformation to WGS 84 - see NAD27 to WGS 84 (85) (code 15864)."]]], STEP[ COORDINATEOPERATION["NAD83 to WGS 84 (5)", VERSION["NGS-Usa ITRF96"], SOURCECRS[ GEOGCRS["NAD83", DATUM["North American Datum 1983", ELLIPSOID["GRS 1980",6378137,298.257222101, LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]]], PRIMEM["Greenwich",0, ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]], CS[ellipsoidal,2], AXIS["geodetic latitude (Lat)",north, ORDER[1], ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]], AXIS["geodetic longitude (Lon)",east, ORDER[2], ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]], ID["EPSG",4269]]], TARGETCRS[ GEOGCRS["WGS 84", ENSEMBLE["World Geodetic System 1984 ensemble", MEMBER["World Geodetic System 1984 (Transit)"], MEMBER["World Geodetic System 1984 (G730)"], MEMBER["World Geodetic System 1984 (G873)"], MEMBER["World Geodetic System 1984 (G1150)"], MEMBER["World Geodetic System 1984 (G1674)"], MEMBER["World Geodetic System 1984 (G1762)"], MEMBER["World Geodetic System 1984 (G2139)"], ELLIPSOID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563, LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]], ENSEMBLEACCURACY[2.0]], PRIMEM["Greenwich",0, ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]], CS[ellipsoidal,2], AXIS["geodetic latitude (Lat)",north, ORDER[1], ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]], AXIS["geodetic longitude (Lon)",east, ORDER[2], ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]], ID["EPSG",4326]]], METHOD["Coordinate Frame rotation (geog2D domain)", ID["EPSG",9607]], PARAMETER["X-axis translation",-0.991, LENGTHUNIT["metre",1], ID["EPSG",8605]], PARAMETER["Y-axis translation",1.9072, LENGTHUNIT["metre",1], ID["EPSG",8606]], PARAMETER["Z-axis translation",0.5129, LENGTHUNIT["metre",1], ID["EPSG",8607]], PARAMETER["X-axis rotation",-1.25033E-07, ANGLEUNIT["radian",1], ID["EPSG",8608]], PARAMETER["Y-axis rotation",-4.6785E-08, ANGLEUNIT["radian",1], ID["EPSG",8609]], PARAMETER["Z-axis rotation",-5.6529E-08, ANGLEUNIT["radian",1], ID["EPSG",8610]], PARAMETER["Scale difference",0, SCALEUNIT["parts per million",1E-06], ID["EPSG",8611]], ID["EPSG",1515], REMARK["Strictly between NAD83 and ITRF96(1997.0). Supersedes NAD83 to WGS 84 (4) (code 1308)."]]], USAGE[ SCOPE["Geodesy."], AREA["United States (USA) - Alaska including EEZ."], BBOX[47.88,167.65,74.71,-129.99]], ID["EPSG",8497]]
Definition: PROJ.4
+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=hgridshift +grids=us_noaa_alaska.tif +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=cart +ellps=GRS80 +step +proj=helmert +x=-0.991 +y=1.9072 +z=0.5129 +rx=-0.0257899075194932 +ry=-0.0096500989602704 +rz=-0.0116599432323421 +s=0 +convention=coordinate_frame +step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1
Definition: JavaScript (Proj4js)
proj4.defs("EPSG:8497","+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=hgridshift +grids=us_noaa_alaska.tif +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=cart +ellps=GRS80 +step +proj=helmert +x=-0.991 +y=1.9072 +z=0.5129 +rx=-0.0257899075194932 +ry=-0.0096500989602704 +rz=-0.0116599432323421 +s=0 +convention=coordinate_frame +step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1");
Definition: JSON
{ "$schema": "https://proj.org/schemas/v0.7/projjson.schema.json", "type": "ConcatenatedOperation", "name": "NAD27 to WGS 84 (29)", "source_crs": { "type": "GeographicCRS", "name": "NAD27", "datum": { "type": "GeodeticReferenceFrame", "name": "North American Datum 1927", "ellipsoid": { "name": "Clarke 1866", "semi_major_axis": 6378206.4, "semi_minor_axis": 6356583.8 } }, "coordinate_system": { "subtype": "ellipsoidal", "axis": [ { "name": "Geodetic latitude", "abbreviation": "Lat", "direction": "north", "unit": "degree" }, { "name": "Geodetic longitude", "abbreviation": "Lon", "direction": "east", "unit": "degree" } ] }, "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 4267 } }, "target_crs": { "type": "GeographicCRS", "name": "WGS 84", "datum_ensemble": { "name": "World Geodetic System 1984 ensemble", "members": [ { "name": "World Geodetic System 1984 (Transit)", "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 1166 } }, { "name": "World Geodetic System 1984 (G730)", "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 1152 } }, { "name": "World Geodetic System 1984 (G873)", "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 1153 } }, { "name": "World Geodetic System 1984 (G1150)", "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 1154 } }, { "name": "World Geodetic System 1984 (G1674)", "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 1155 } }, { "name": "World Geodetic System 1984 (G1762)", "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 1156 } }, { "name": "World Geodetic System 1984 (G2139)", "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 1309 } } ], "ellipsoid": { "name": "WGS 84", "semi_major_axis": 6378137, "inverse_flattening": 298.257223563 }, "accuracy": "2.0", "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 6326 } }, "coordinate_system": { "subtype": "ellipsoidal", "axis": [ { "name": "Geodetic latitude", "abbreviation": "Lat", "direction": "north", "unit": "degree" }, { "name": "Geodetic longitude", "abbreviation": "Lon", "direction": "east", "unit": "degree" } ] }, "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 4326 } }, "steps": [ { "type": "Transformation", "name": "NAD27 to NAD83 (2)", "source_crs": { "type": "GeographicCRS", "name": "NAD27", "datum": { "type": "GeodeticReferenceFrame", "name": "North American Datum 1927", "ellipsoid": { "name": "Clarke 1866", "semi_major_axis": 6378206.4, "semi_minor_axis": 6356583.8 } }, "coordinate_system": { "subtype": "ellipsoidal", "axis": [ { "name": "Geodetic latitude", "abbreviation": "Lat", "direction": "north", "unit": "degree" }, { "name": "Geodetic longitude", "abbreviation": "Lon", "direction": "east", "unit": "degree" } ] }, "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 4267 } }, "target_crs": { "type": "GeographicCRS", "name": "NAD83", "datum": { "type": "GeodeticReferenceFrame", "name": "North American Datum 1983", "ellipsoid": { "name": "GRS 1980", "semi_major_axis": 6378137, "inverse_flattening": 298.257222101 } }, "coordinate_system": { "subtype": "ellipsoidal", "axis": [ { "name": "Geodetic latitude", "abbreviation": "Lat", "direction": "north", "unit": "degree" }, { "name": "Geodetic longitude", "abbreviation": "Lon", "direction": "east", "unit": "degree" } ] }, "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 4269 } }, "method": { "name": "NADCON", "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 9613 } }, "parameters": [ { "name": "Latitude difference file", "value": "alaska.las", "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 8657 } }, { "name": "Longitude difference file", "value": "alaska.los", "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 8658 } } ], "accuracy": "0.5", "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 1243 }, "remarks": "Uses NADCON method which expects longitudes positive west; EPSG GeogCRS NAD27 (code 4267) and NAD83 (code 4269) have longitudes positive east. May be used as transformation to WGS 84 - see NAD27 to WGS 84 (85) (code 15864)." }, { "type": "Transformation", "name": "NAD83 to WGS 84 (5)", "source_crs": { "type": "GeographicCRS", "name": "NAD83", "datum": { "type": "GeodeticReferenceFrame", "name": "North American Datum 1983", "ellipsoid": { "name": "GRS 1980", "semi_major_axis": 6378137, "inverse_flattening": 298.257222101 } }, "coordinate_system": { "subtype": "ellipsoidal", "axis": [ { "name": "Geodetic latitude", "abbreviation": "Lat", "direction": "north", "unit": "degree" }, { "name": "Geodetic longitude", "abbreviation": "Lon", "direction": "east", "unit": "degree" } ] }, "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 4269 } }, "target_crs": { "type": "GeographicCRS", "name": "WGS 84", "datum_ensemble": { "name": "World Geodetic System 1984 ensemble", "members": [ { "name": "World Geodetic System 1984 (Transit)", "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 1166 } }, { "name": "World Geodetic System 1984 (G730)", "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 1152 } }, { "name": "World Geodetic System 1984 (G873)", "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 1153 } }, { "name": "World Geodetic System 1984 (G1150)", "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 1154 } }, { "name": "World Geodetic System 1984 (G1674)", "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 1155 } }, { "name": "World Geodetic System 1984 (G1762)", "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 1156 } }, { "name": "World Geodetic System 1984 (G2139)", "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 1309 } } ], "ellipsoid": { "name": "WGS 84", "semi_major_axis": 6378137, "inverse_flattening": 298.257223563 }, "accuracy": "2.0", "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 6326 } }, "coordinate_system": { "subtype": "ellipsoidal", "axis": [ { "name": "Geodetic latitude", "abbreviation": "Lat", "direction": "north", "unit": "degree" }, { "name": "Geodetic longitude", "abbreviation": "Lon", "direction": "east", "unit": "degree" } ] }, "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 4326 } }, "method": { "name": "Coordinate Frame rotation (geog2D domain)", "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 9607 } }, "parameters": [ { "name": "X-axis translation", "value": -0.991, "unit": "metre", "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 8605 } }, { "name": "Y-axis translation", "value": 1.9072, "unit": "metre", "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 8606 } }, { "name": "Z-axis translation", "value": 0.5129, "unit": "metre", "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 8607 } }, { "name": "X-axis rotation", "value": -1.25033e-07, "unit": { "type": "AngularUnit", "name": "radian", "conversion_factor": 1 }, "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 8608 } }, { "name": "Y-axis rotation", "value": -4.6785e-08, "unit": { "type": "AngularUnit", "name": "radian", "conversion_factor": 1 }, "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 8609 } }, { "name": "Z-axis rotation", "value": -5.6529e-08, "unit": { "type": "AngularUnit", "name": "radian", "conversion_factor": 1 }, "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 8610 } }, { "name": "Scale difference", "value": 0, "unit": { "type": "ScaleUnit", "name": "parts per million", "conversion_factor": 1e-06 }, "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 8611 } } ], "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 1515 }, "remarks": "Strictly between NAD83 and ITRF96(1997.0). Supersedes NAD83 to WGS 84 (4) (code 1308)." } ], "scope": "Geodesy.", "area": "United States (USA) - Alaska including EEZ.", "bbox": { "south_latitude": 47.88, "west_longitude": 167.65, "north_latitude": 74.71, "east_longitude": -129.99 }, "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 8497 } }
Definition: MapServer - MAPfile
PROJECTION "proj=pipeline" "step" "proj=axisswap" "order=2,1" "step" "proj=unitconvert" "xy_in=deg" "xy_out=rad" "step" "proj=hgridshift" "grids=us_noaa_alaska.tif" "step" "proj=push" "v_3" "step" "proj=cart" "ellps=GRS80" "step" "proj=helmert" "x=-0.991" "y=1.9072" "z=0.5129" "rx=-0.0257899075194932" "ry=-0.0096500989602704" "rz=-0.0116599432323421" "s=0" "convention=coordinate_frame" "step" "inv" "proj=cart" "ellps=WGS84" "step" "proj=pop" "v_3" "step" "proj=unitconvert" "xy_in=rad" "xy_out=deg" "step" "proj=axisswap" "order=2,1" END
Definition: Mapnik
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <Map srs="+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=hgridshift +grids=us_noaa_alaska.tif +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=cart +ellps=GRS80 +step +proj=helmert +x=-0.991 +y=1.9072 +z=0.5129 +rx=-0.0257899075194932 +ry=-0.0096500989602704 +rz=-0.0116599432323421 +s=0 +convention=coordinate_frame +step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1"> <Layer srs="+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=hgridshift +grids=us_noaa_alaska.tif +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=cart +ellps=GRS80 +step +proj=helmert +x=-0.991 +y=1.9072 +z=0.5129 +rx=-0.0257899075194932 +ry=-0.0096500989602704 +rz=-0.0116599432323421 +s=0 +convention=coordinate_frame +step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1"> </Layer> </Map>
Definition: SQL (PostGIS)
INSERT into spatial_ref_sys (srid, auth_name, auth_srid, proj4text, srtext) values ( 8497, 'EPSG', 8497, '+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=hgridshift +grids=us_noaa_alaska.tif +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=cart +ellps=GRS80 +step +proj=helmert +x=-0.991 +y=1.9072 +z=0.5129 +rx=-0.0257899075194932 +ry=-0.0096500989602704 +rz=-0.0116599432323421 +s=0 +convention=coordinate_frame +step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1', 'None');
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